Music from Italy and England - 690 Words

In the 16th century, only a few Europeans were able to read and write. However, by 1500, more people became literate due to the increased number of printed material that was presented to them. Italy and England were some of the places that were greatly influenced by the renaissance. Music is one area that greatly improved during those years as the Italians took the Trecento Madrigal music. While in England, they used the Elizabethan Madrigal form of music. These two traditions greatly related to each other in many ways. The madrigal was a secular music composition that was discovered during the Renaissance and Baroque years (Adorno 19). They originated in Italy around 1520 and were thoroughly composed. Jacopo da Bologna is an artist who was a Trecento composer and started a movement in Italy.† Italy was the homeland of roman antiquity†(Fiero). Jacopo da Bologna was among the first composers of this genre of music in Italy making him very popular. His music had sweet melodies that made it very clean. Nevertheless, many more musicians were highly involved in this movement, and they found themselves singing in Spain, Rome, Venice, Milan, and Florence. The movement helped the native composers to change their older styles and incorporate the Trecento style of music. On the other hand, England was using the Cappela Madrigal for its music. It was lighter in style, unlike the Italian style. Alfonso Ferrabosco highly influenced the growth in England as he worked in the QueenShow MoreRelatedRenaissance Music : European Classical Music905 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Music Renaissance music is European classical music written approximately 1400 to 1600. The Renaissance followed on from the Middle Ages the name means ‘rebirth’. This time was also the time of Humanism because it focused on human life and accomplishments (Tripod). Support for the arts led to a surge of interest in music (Grendler). New musical forms emerged in France and the Netherlands in the 1400s and gradually spread to Italy and the rest of Europe. Musicians adopted these newRead MoreThe World of Hetalia: Japanese Anime1147 Words   |  5 Pagesand Japanese. Hetalia portrays the world’s countries as people in an alternate world. Countries such as Italy, Japan, England and even Canada are featured in the anime and have their own distinct personalities. Italy is the protagonist and title character of Hetalia (which translates to Unhelpful Italy). He is portrayed as a clumsy, adorable fun boy who has a passion for cooking. Likewise, Italy has two best friends known as Japan and Germany. Japan is an introverted, conservative and quiet boy whileRead MoreThe Life and Musical Influence of George Frideric Handel1752 Words   |  7 Pagesprofession. However, George was allowed to take music lessons from a local organist, by the name of Fr iedrich Wilhelm Zachau, after Handel had impressed the Duke when he played the organ at the chapel. In his following years, Handel would travel to many places, accepting many different musical occupations. As Handel traveled, he was introduced to many of his musical influences. He wrote operas, oratorios, anthems, secular cantatas, and also wrote scarred music. Throughout his life, Handel would becomeRead MoreSecular Music Essay examples515 Words   |  3 PagesSecular Music In addition to being a time of great religious significance, the sixteenth century was also a period of bawdy earthiness, irreverent humor, and celebration of sensual love. The same composers who created works for the greater glory of God also wrote compositions of an entirely different character. In Italy and England, the principal form of secularmusic was the madrigal, which in France was called chanson, and in Germany Lied. The madrigal is one of the most representative examplesRead MoreThe History of Chamber Music895 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Chamber Music What is chamber music? It is ensemble instrumental music for up to about ten performers with typically one performer to a part. Since circa 1450, there has been instrumental music designed for private playing. These pieces used many instruments and (in Germany) it was common that the folk songs would contain 2-3 countermelodies to expand and elaborate the whole, and to arrange the outcome for groups of instruments. Although theRead MoreEvolution of Opera: Greek Drama to Baroque Opera Essays870 Words   |  4 Pagesdrama in music: a dramatic action, exhibited on stage with scenery by actors in costume, the words conveyed entirely or for the most part by singing, and the whole sustained and amplified by orchestral music† (4). A literal translation of the word opera is simply work, and although the term opera was not coined until 1634, one of the first known operas was performed in 1597 (Grout 1). Grout explains that there are two types of opera. The first type is when the main emphasis is on the music (Grout 6)Read MoreHandelian Influence on Music888 Words   |  4 Pagesoutstanding musicians, and so much fantastic music. Each highly remembered composer or musician changed the way we think and see the world. They give us new ideas, and music is a wonderful way to convey moods and emotions. Each also slightly changed music itself. Handel was one of the greatest of these people. He was a superior composer who largely influenced and expanded music. Background George Frideric Handel was born in Germany, but found his future in England as a composer. Stanley states that: â€Å"HandelRead MoreThe Influence of George Frideric Handel on Music1165 Words   |  5 Pagesoutstanding musicians, and so much fantastic music. Each highly remembered composer or musician changed the way we think and see the world. They give us new ideas, and music is a wonderful way to convey moods and emotions. Each also slightly changed music itself. Handel was one of the greatest of these people. He was a superior composer who largely influenced and expanded music. Background George Frideric Handel was born in Germany, but found his future in England as a composer. Stanley states that: â€Å"HandelRead MoreRenaissance Dance Essay600 Words   |  3 PagesRenaissance Dance Today we have many different types of Dance: hip-hop, jazz, Irish dance, Ballet, and many more. During the Renaissance time period witch is from the 1300s to the 1600s, they had different types of Dance too Most dances were very similar, and the music during this time had a lot to do with the Dance too. The two main types of dance during the Renaissance were Court dance, and Peasant dancing. Court dances were done for entertainment and more complex, the courtiers would hireRead MoreMusic History : Response Paper1199 Words   |  5 Pages Music History 1 Response Paper 2 Mallory Pearson Music History 1 Kristine Poulsen During the renaissance, Europe went through many changes politically, socially, and psychologically. Most of this change was due to the reformation of the church, and the humanist movement. The humanist movement focuses on revisiting Greek ideas, and the church supported these thinkers, artists, and musicians (Oxford). The church slowly became morphed with politics, to the point where the church

Greece Greek Financial Crisis - 1838 Words

On January 1st 1981 Greece joined the European Communities ushering in a period of sustained growth. The countries widespread investments on infrastructure coupled with funds from the European Union led to a sharp increase in revenue from tourism and the service sector. This helped the country reach historical highs in their standard of living. By 2001 Greece had adopted the Euro and in the proceeding 7 years the GDP per capita went from $12,400 in 2001 to $31,700 in 2008, an increase of 156%. The Greek government was encouraged by the European Central Bank and other private banking institutions to undertake loans to fund foreign infrastructure projects like those related to the Olympic Games of 2004. When the financial crisis of†¦show more content†¦(Pavlakis, 2013) With so much to lose we have seen European â€Å"bailout† agreements that mostly front the Greek government more money coupled with crippling austerity in an effort to â€Å"rebuild† the economy. Austerity discourages growth as it cuts the spending of the government who is by far the biggest spender in the economy. (Kentikelenis et al., 2011) The effects of austerity can be devastating, but the true effects are often hidden beneath the messages we get from mainstream news sources. The stereotype of the Greek people as lazy and tax evading has desensitized the public and has made austerity seem like more of a sensible option. The media messages have made strict austerity measures seem justified and in effect have galvanized the Greek people. Greece is no different than other countries who have been forced to accept IMF loans, the vast majority of these funds end up flowing back into the multinational banks who made the risky loans. The Troika has made demands of increased privatization of national assets as collateral and the destruction of labor rights. (Kentikelenis et al., 2011) All these policies are the exact opposite of what the Greek people voted for when electing the Syriza party. The conditions attached to the bailout loans are the exact opposite views of the traditional leftist political parties like Syriza. EconomicShow MoreRelatedCauses of the Greek liquidity crisis; how conditions were before the crisis Events that happened1600 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Greek liquidity crisis; how conditions were before the crisis Events that happened preceding the crisis The structural economic support weakened –when Greece entered the euro zone in 2001 the convergence criteria which supposed to provide sound financial systems within the economy and the GSP were established to prevent financial and economicRead MoreGreece Economic Crisis Analysis986 Words   |  4 PagesWall street financial market in 2008, Greece become the center of Europe’s economic crisis. With employment rates more than 25 percent, Greece is suffering from a financial crisis equivalent to if not greater than the U.S. Great Depression. The source of the crisis originated in the inefficient management of the Greece’s economy and government finances. Additionally, Greece’s involvement in the euro zone reflected a monetary policy that was at odds with its fiscal policy. The crisis resulted in troikaRead MoreThe Greek Sovereign Debt Crisis1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greek sovereign debt crisis has required multiple controversial bailouts; due to deflat ion and tense political that have caused Greek citizens to unsatisfied current economic condition. This is a large problem of economic stability and political unity facing the European Union. This study seeks to answer two main questions. Firstly, why should European Union help Greece bailouts its economy woes? Secondly, should Greece change its domestic economic policies in response to demands from the EURead MoreGreece : What Factors Have Made The Greek Crisis So Important?1749 Words   |  7 Pages Greece Financial Crisis By - Juhi Jani Student id – 056-059-140 IAF620 Professor Name – Al juzukonis August 13, 2015 Greece Crisis What factors have made the Greek crisis so important? Greece is one of the most developed countries but today it has a debt of over 300 billion Euros which began two years ago including purchasing power parity. Greece is ranked 38th and 44th in the world for nominal GDP and purchasing power parity (PPP). The base for Greek crisis is mix of domestic and internationalRead MoreGreek Debt Crisis1492 Words   |  6 PagesOF THE EU AND IMF IN MITIGATING THE GREEK DEBT CRISIS European Sovereign Debt Crisis Timeline: ⠝â€" 2008, Iceland‘s international banking system collapsed following the collapse of the US financial sector ⠝â€" Late 2009, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed concerning some European states. Sovereign debts (Gov’t debt) externally issued rose sharply due to numerous bank bailouts. ⠝â€" 2010, tensions rose in the countries of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Hungary, and RomaniaRead MoreHow The Eurozone Crisis Is The Highest Level Of Public Debt Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pages Greek crisis I n recent times, the Subprime mortgage crisis in the US seems to have metamorphosed into the Euro crisis. Since early 201 0, the Eurozone has been facing a major debt crisis. Such countries as Greece, I reland and Portugal have accumulated unsustainable levels of government debt. I n order to avoid the default they had to ask other European countries and the I nternational Monetary Fund ( I MF) for loans. (Nelson, Belkin andRead MoreThe European Union And The Euro Crisis1218 Words   |  5 Pagesby 17 European Union countries, including Greece (â€Å"EUR†). Greece adopted the euro in 2001, and their economy has been struggling ever since. Since joining the European Union, Greece has struggled economically, politically, and might continue to struggle in the future. When the European Union was â€Å"founded with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992,† it included many of the countries that were a part of the previous European Community, including Greece (Prono). The European Union was formed toRead MoreGreek Crisis Case Study1376 Words   |  6 Pages The Greek Crisis Case Study Kevette Woolfalk Georgia College and State University WMBA6030 Global Business Dr. Doreen Sams â€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction 2 Is Greece Responsible for the Crisis? 3 Alternative Solutions to the Greek Crisis 4 Conclusion 5 References 6 â€Æ' Greek Crisis Introduction At one point in time Europe operated as a zone of trade barriers which made doing trade beyond the border basically impossible. However, this all changed when World War II absolutely overcame EuropeRead MoreGreece s Euro As A Solution Of Its Budget Deficits Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesGreece has joined Europe Union since 1981. In the 1990s, it steadily ran substantial budget deficits while using the Drachma as its currency. As a result, in 2001 Greece decided to adopt the euro as a solution of its budget deficits. After using euro, all went well for the first several years. Like other Eurozone countries, Greece benefited from the power of the euro, which meant lower interest rates and an inflow of investment capital and loans. Greece enjoyed a period of growth from 2001 to 2007Read MoreGreek Government s Debt Has Been Around Since 20101346 Words   |  6 PagesGreece government’s debt has been around since 2010. The countries surrounding Greece are now worried that it may affect them. The economy in Greece started getting worse after United Stated had its crisis in 2007. Since Greece entered the Eurozone changes in the economy, financial stability, and employment had caused Greece to go into more debt, but it could have been avoided if Greece would have not entered the Eurozone. There are several events that led to Greece being bankrupt, but for a better

Marketing Communication for Communicating- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Communication for Planning and Communicating. Answer: This is to inform you that that there has been the development of a new marketing team with all of the members dispersed in New York, Beijing, Mumbai and Sydney. This has necessitated the establishment of virtual team spread over the different time zones that undertook communication via both synchronous and asynchronous means (Aiken, Gu and Wang 2013) Formation of the virtual teams has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the virtual team lay in assembling the talented group for completing a complex project through not only innovation but also creativity (Bassanino et al. 2014). However, there are concerns amongst various teams regarding the successful execution of such meetings as it involves challenges like distance and time, difficulties of language, barriers of cultural difference and perception of the deadlines. Therefore, there are certain critical areas that I feel needs necessary attention while managing and leading a virtual team. Planning and Communicating Meeting Agenda: For ensuring productive meeting, it is necessary to outline the happenings before, during and after the proceedings of the meeting. It is also necessary to determine the people attending the meeting thereby giving them the required visibility (McConnell et al. 2013). It is necessary to send in the agenda once decided along with the list of attendee. Showing Consideration for the Team Members of all Time Zones: Scheduling meeting times suitable for everyone might be difficult for a team that is geographically disperse. Instead of fixing a recurring meeting time, it is vital for rotating the time of occurrence for the meetings (Nystrm and Asproth 2013). This puts forward the situation where no single set of employees works at a stretch. Moreover, meeting schedule should be set as per the convenience of the all the team members and not during the late evenings or during the lunch. Maintenance of Level Playing Field: The best practice for a virtual meeting involves engaging everyone via common technology. This involves usage of the collaborative software that ensured everyone in keeping an eye on the same information at the same timing. Matching Technology and the Task: Implementation of advanced technology must take care of the complexity of task. For resolving a conflict or making a decision, collaborative software or video conferencing represents the best tools (Pangil and Moi 2014). Moreover, the participant should engage himself during meeting through chat options and poll. The opinions of attendees needs consideration and necessary feedback regarding key issues collected through polling option or by asking them to choose an option available in the chat box. Keeping Time for Small Talk: Similar to a face-to -face meeting, people in a virtual meeting should be greeted the moment they become a part of the meeting and allotted time for connecting at the personal level. For accommodating this, the team should be given a chance for building relationships through some casual conversation Reinforcing Shared Responsibility: This is the responsibility ensured for tracking the group (Ubell 2016). The shared responsibility can be reinforced by ensuring that different team members hold the responsibility of leading the various part of meeting. One can also consider the rotation of the role for meeting planning and ensure necessary facilitation amongst the team members. Thus, through the memo I have tried to tackle some of the critical areas which if addressed will help in overcoming the challenges of the virtual meetings. Thus, virtual meetings can bring in a revolution in the formation of marketing team for an internally company like XYZ with geographically dispersed location. Thanks Regards, Your name: References: Aiken, M., Gu, L. and Wang, J., 2013. Task knowledge and task-technology fit in a virtual team.International Journal of Management,30(1), p.3. Bassanino, M., Fernando, T. and Wu, K.C., 2014. Can virtual workspaces enhance team communication and collaboration in design review meetings?.Architectural Engineering and Design Management,10(3-4), pp.200-217. McConnell, T.J., Parker, J.M., Eberhardt, J., Koehler, M.J. and Lundeberg, M.A., 2013. Virtual professional learning communities: Teachers perceptions of virtual versus face-to-face professional development.Journal of Science Education and Technology,22(3), pp.267-277. Nystrm, C.A. and Asproth, V., 2013. Virtual TeamsSupport for Technical Communication?.Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change,10(1), pp.64-80. Pangil, F. and Moi Chan, J., 2014. The mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness.Journal of Knowledge Management,18(1), pp.92-106. Ubell, R., 2016. Virtual team learning. InGoing Online(pp. 27-33). Routledge.

Critical Analysis Of Silence Of The Lambs Essays - Hannibal Lecter

Critical Analysis of Silence of The Lambs Critical Analysis of Silence of the Lambs In the book "Silence of the Lambs" (Harris, 1988) the whole plot is based around three main characters. Clarice Starling is a precociously self-disciplined FBI trainee who is put into the position of trying to unravel the mind of an evil genius, Hannibal "the cannibal" Lecter, in order to find the answers needed to capture the serial killer, Jame Gumb, also known as "Buffalo Bill." The psychological background is very strong in all of the characters, lending to their believability, except for some fragile associations between the characters Lecter and Gumb. The intrigue of Gumb with moths is particularly worth noting, since there is very little evidence of prior criminals being documented as having used this sort of post mortem decoration, yet the logic of the idea is impeccable. Starling is the protagonist in the book, and the majority of the story line takes place from her point of view. She is driven by memories of her childhood, which is a recurring theme throughout the book. Most of these are in the form of flashbulb memories, a recollection of an event so powerful that the recollection is highly vivid and richly detailed, as if it were preserved on film (Brown Kulik, 1977). She draws upon these memories for courage, and they give her the strength of will to accomplish whatever task it is she is about to perform. Hannibal Lecter is neither an antagonist nor protagonist, but more like a middleman throughout the novel. He doles out parcels of knowledge to Clarice Starling in order to test her strength of mind, and to benefit himself by getting rewards for helping the FBI, such as a room with a window and unlimited access to books and any other sort of research material he might want, especially the criminal file on Buffalo Bill. He also wants to learn more about Starling, and the only way she usually got any information from him was through exchanging his knowledge for tidbits from her childhood. Jane Gumb is an enigma during most of the book, and is an unseen antagonist except for brief periods when the author switches to his point of view to enlighten the reader to exactly what Gumb is thinking about before he commits his murders, and shed some light upon what sort of personality Gumb has. He is a heavy-set cross-dresser who kidnaps girls of his size and then flays them in order to make body suits out of their skin. He is based upon the real life sexual psychopath, Edward Gein, who was also classified as schizophrenic. During the 1950's he gained notoriety as one of the most famous combinations of necrophilia, transvestitism, and fetishism (Martingale, 1995). With the exception of necrophilia, Jame Gumb had an almost identical psychological make-up. The only true weak link in the author's psychological profile of the characters is exactly how Lecter knew of Gumb and how he relayed the information to Starling. Lecter prided himself on being able to figure things out on his own, yet the revelation of his knowing Jame Gumb came about through recalling a memory of one of his past patients, who was also a lover to Gumb and one of Lecter's final victims. The fact that Lecter did not use any of his ample critical thinking skills into coming up with a suspect for the "Buffalo Bill" murders seems very out of line with his nature. This is the only inconsistency the author makes; yet it plays an intregal part in the book and its outcome. There are no other discrepancies in the psychological backgrounds of the other characters, from Starling's pragmatic way of thinking, to Jame Gumb's inclination towards wearing the skin of another human being. Another aspect of the story is Gumb's fascination with the metamorphosis of moths, particularly the death's head moth. After the killing of each victim, Gumb places a moth just coming out of its chrysalis into the back of the throat of the victim. The significance of this is that with each skin Gumb is becoming more and more of a woman, with larger breasts, and a more effeminate body shape. The skull on the back of the moth is to signal the death of the old Jame Gumb, whereas the chrysalis is communicating the birth of the new Gumb. A tenuous theory put forth by Starling, and since it is fiction, the author could write the story in order to prove this theory. In conclusion, the research that went into the book "Silence of the Lambs" is

Comin Thro the Rye by Robert Burns

Comin Thro the Rye by Robert Burns The poem Comin Thro the Rye by  Scottish writer  Robert Burns  (1759–1796),  is probably best known because of Holden Caulfields misinterpretation of it in J.D. Salingers novel  The Catcher in the Rye. Instead of meeting a body in the rye, he remembers it as catching a body. Discussing the poem with his sister, Phoebe, Holden tells her a fantasy that he is  a rescuer of children playing in a field of rye, and he is catching them before they fall off a cliff. The reference to the poem in The Catcher in the Rye has prompted writers and scholars to take a look at the source when discussing the novel. The poem was written with a  Scottish dialect;  draiglt  translates to  drags;  weet  to  wet;  gin  to  when or if,  depending on the interpretation;  ilka to  every; loe to love;  waur to  worse off;  and  ken  to  know. Depending on the source, the last line of the second verse has a period or a question mark, and the third verse has a question mark or an exclamation point. Note: The second setting wasnt signed by Burns but is widely accepted as being by him. Poem Text Comin Thro the Rye by Robert Burns [First Setting] Comin thro the rye, poor body,Comin thro the rye,She draiglt aher petticoatie,Comin thro the rye. Chorus:O, Jennys a weet, poor body,Jennys seldom dry;She draiglt a her petticoattieComin thro the rye.Gin a body meet a bodyComin thro the rye,Gin a body kiss a body- Need a body cry. [To chorus] Gin a body meet a bodyComin thro the glen,Gin a body kiss a body,Need the warld ken! [To chorus] [Second Setting]   Gin a body meet a body, comin thro the rye,   Gin a body kiss a body, need a body cry;   Ilka body has a body, neer a ane hae I;   But a the lads they loe me, and what the waur am I.   Gin a body meet a body, comin frae the well,   Gin a body kiss a body, need a body tell;   Ilka body has a body, neer a ane hae I,   But a the lads they loe me, and what the waur am I.   Gin a body meet a body, comin frae the town,   Gin a body kiss a body, need a body gloom;   Ilka Jenny has her Jockey, neer a ane hae I,   But a the lads they loe me, and what the waur am I.   How the Poem Relates to Catcher in the Rye The poems theme is the question of whether casual sex is OK. Meeting a body in a field isnt just running across someone and saying hello. The poem asks Need a body cry? as in- Is it worth getting upset over? This relates to Salingers novel because the  sex question is a source of moral conflict inside the 16-year-old Holden. Saving children from falling off a cliff, then, in his fantasy, can be equated to helping children keep their innocence as long as possible.

Islam in the modern world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Islam in the modern world - Essay Example It is a distressing reality that people consider themselves superior to others in terms of economic conditions, financial resources, color, caste, creed and even gender. Racism has been divided into scientific racism that involves genetics as well in terms of defining black, white, brown and yellow people. Some authors believe it comes from scientific reasons and theories. However there is a class of believers who justify that racism arises from the ideologies of global capitalism which gives rise to the unequal social relations. However the truth is that racism does not exist in a single form but a combination of all types. It involves culture, traditions, language, people, history, class, politics, ideology, religion, gender and even economical conditions (Berg & Wendt, 2011) European Racism Over the past two hundred years, racism has taken many forms in Europe such as Anti-black racism, colonial racism and Anti-Semitic racism. One of the greatest examples of European Racism was th e series of Crusades which were an attempt against the Muslims in terms of religious differences. Their main purpose was the restoration of Christianity and they were a longitudinal series of violent wars that began hundreds of years ago. At the time when the first Crusade took place Palestine had been ruled by Muslims for over four hundred years. The primary cause of this series of Wars was the Muslim invasion of France as well as the decline of the Byzantine Empire by the Muslims of Turkey. The second crusade was then called after a long silence by both participants where many lives were lost in the barbarous attempts to let each other down. Nothing could have stopped them and the brutality continued to another series of dozens of more to be seen in the next few hundred years to come. Of course it raised the spirits of hatred between both parties for their generations to come and both had been blaming each other for the loss of their territories and people. It was something that w as imitated by the Europeans for the hatred that they felt for the Muslims for being their rulers for thousands of years. This was their last resort to get their power from Muslims. Another notable series of racial highlights was the colonial times where Europe had many colonies by the beginning of the First World War. These constituted of dozens of British French, Dutch and German colonies at that time. The consequences of colonialism were negative in nature, and still have an impact on the world as a whole. The seeds of racism sown by the Europeans have played a major role in making this world a more unfair place to live with unequal rights and discrimination in the name of race, religion, caste, color and history. Where some nations consider themselves superior in all ways, other nations and individuals are treated as second class citizens inferior to them with lesser rights to live a respectable life. The times of colonialism began by spreading diseases all over the world never to be cured and many people died because of these. It also led to people having unequal distribution of resources and strained social relations in terms of relations with other nations as well as individuals and even other religions along with people of a different color. This colonial period also gave way to slavery, as the territories that were conquered, the suppressed people belonging there were made slaves and

The Evolution of Complex Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Evolution of Complex Societies - Essay Example This paper is trying to investigate the rise of different complex societies or civilizations in various regions of the world. One key technique of facilitating this investigation is to recognize the common features of these complex societies and the aspects that have influenced their development that can be distinguished from the archaeological evidence. The renowned authors have provided various methods with their theories for the advance of complex societies, such as the multiple effect theory. According to their works, innovations in one subsystem or aspect of culture boost and influence other cultural aspects via positive feedback. The authors argue that the cumulative impact of the interaction between these diverse subsystems due to these innovations is the emergence of civilization. This theory of multiplier effect in force is demonstrated by deducing the assortment of artifacts from the diverse cultures of the Aegean Bronze Age during the 3rd millennium BCE and examining seeds , animal bones, and architectural remnants collected from archaeological sites located in the area that date to this period. The authors’ explanation of the evolution of complex cultures during the Aegean period has persisted to dictate the way Aegean archaeologists approach this subject. Their ideas have widely endured the examination of Aegean archaeologists, raising the question of whether this theory can effectively explain the evolution of various diverse complex cultures worldwide. ... For instance, questions have been raised as to whether the theory can explain the complex societies that emerged in the lower Mississippi valley in the 2nd millennium BCE. This culture is most recognized by the huge earthworks in northeast Louisiana at Poverty Point. Examination of the archaeological data and artifacts of the Poverty Point society offers a positive answer to the questions raised. Despite the despite the immense differences between the societies in terms of their religion, art, architecture, and economics, the archaeological data point out this theory, as the authors explain (Stanish 2005). For a study of two such contrasting societies, that exist in very different surroundings, showing that they were influenced by the same exact processes, the theory offers students an instrument which they can connect to the archaeological data to assist them understand the universal influence that the evolution of complex societies had on human societies. This comparative approach has an additional instructional advantage in that students are able to expand their appreciation for the distinctive factors of each specific culture based on the artifacts that each society produced (Tainter 1988). As a result, in the process of studying one early complex society after another, students can discover to acknowledge how particular kinds of relics expose similar practices at work in the evolution of complex societies and the diversity in these societies. This comparative approach can be demonstrated by first identifying the main factors that characterize a complex society as categorized by the two authors. The authors use the neutral terms "simple" and